Overview
The goal of this is prospective cohort study is to to study the relationship between PaO2 and SpO2 in the overall population undergoing general anesthesia in the OT. Secondary aims include studying the relationship between PaO2 and SpO2 in elderly and obese patients undergoing general anesthesia in the OT, validating the derivation of PaO2 from SpO2 using formulas derived by Rice, Pandharipande, and Gadrey in patients undergoing general anesthesia in the OT, and, if the derivation formulas were not valid, to derive a formula for patients undergoing general anesthesia in the OT.
The included blood samples are arterial blood sample collected for ABGs analysis through either an arterial catheter or an arterial blood puncture in adult patients (Age >18 years) undergoing general anesthesia regardless of the acuity of the surgery (elective, emergency, or lifesaving), the hemodynamic stability of the patient, or the comorbidities. Patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgeries will be excluded.
Description
The partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood (PaO2) / the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio has been commonly used as an indicator of adequate oxygenation and in the diagnosis and severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which requires arterial blood gas (ABGs) analysis. Another way to measure oxygenation is by using the noninvasive pulse oximetry to measure the oxygen saturation (SpO2). Three formulas have been derived and validated in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting to estimate the PaO2 from the SpO2. However, the relationship of PaO2 and SpO2 and these derivation equations are not validated in the setting of general anesthesia in the operating theatre (OT) in which patients are prone to multiple intraoperative and postoperative pulmonary complications.
The aim is to study the relationship between PaO2 and SpO2 in the overall population undergoing general anesthesia in the OT. Secondary aims include studying the relationship between PaO2 and SpO2 in elderly and obese patients undergoing general anesthesia in the OT, validating the derivation of PaO2 from SpO2 using formulas derived by Rice, Pandharipande, and Gadrey in patients undergoing general anesthesia in the OT, and, if the derivation formulas were not valid, to derive a formula for patients undergoing general anesthesia in the OT.
This is a prospective cohort study that will be conducted at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) in the OT under the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine. The data will be collected by the investigators of the study from the patient's chart on EPIC. These include the PaO2 (in mmHg), FiO2, SpO2 (in %), and Mean airway pressure (in cmH2O) at the time of sample collection, in addition to patient characteristics as age, gender, weight, height, BMI, smoking status, surgery type, surgery acuity, and present comorbidities specifically cardiac and respiratory comorbidities.
Validating the use of one of the formulas to derive PaO2 from SpO2 in the OT would help anesthesiologists detect derangements in patients' oxygenation earlier and decrease the need for ABGs analysis and its possible complications.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age >18 years
- Undergoing general anesthesia
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgeries will be excluded.