Overview
The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of bisoprolol and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF), compared to the recompensated state, is unknown. If not in cardiogenic shock (no need of vasopressor (catechoalmines) therapy or other inotropic support), established oral betablocker therapy should de continued. Whether this holds true for SGLT2i in ADHF is less clear but current evidence suggest safety and potentially beneficial effects in doing so.
To the best of our knowledge, no data regarding PK/PD are available for the most widely used beta blocker bisoprolol and the newly approved/in Germany available SGLT2i Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin. This study shall provide first evidence on the PK/PD-profile of p.o. bisoprolol and SGLT2i (dapaglifozin or empagliflozin) regarding acute (hemodynamic) effects and safety as well as to provide data on dose recommendations eventually in patients with ADHF.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients with decompensated heart failure caused by heart failure irrespective of ejection fraction (heart failure with reduced, mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction and de-novo heart failure)
- Signs of decompensation: peripheral edema, jugular venous distension, pulmonary rales, protodiastolic gallop rhythm, ascites, or demonstration of pulmonary venous congestion on chest X-ray
- Previous documented beta blocker therapy
- elevated natriuretic peptides (nt-pro-BNP ≥125 pg/ml)
- patients admitted to the intensive care unit
Exclusion Criteria:
- Left ventricular or biventricular assist device therapy
- Cardiogenic shock
- need of vasopressor (catechoalmines) therapy or other inotropic support (dobutamine or levosimendan)
- Clinical symptomatic hypotension
- Bradycardia (<50 bpm)
- patients requiring dialysis (CVVHD)
- Inflammatory bowel disease (eg, M. Crohn or Colitis ulcerosa)
- Not able to give written informed consent