Overview
The proposed study aims to investigate the efficacy of the Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing treatment in Cantonese-English bilingual speakers with childhood apraxia of speech.
Description
Four CE children with CAS will be recruited and receive two versions of the DTTC treatment (i.e., DTTC in English [DTTC-E] and DTTC in Cantonese [DTTC-C]). After the initial assessment and baseline probe sessions, all the participants will be randomly assigned to receive either DTTC-E or DTTC-C in the first 6-week treatment phase. Then, the between-treatment probe sessions will be conducted during a 2-week washout period. This will be followed by the second 6-week treatment phase, which will be the other version of DTTC. Post-treatment probe sessions will be conducted one week and one month after completion of the second treatment.
Participants' speech productions will be transcribed and evaluated based on their accuracy in phonemes, stress, and tone. Growth curve analysis (Mirman, 2014) will be conducted to examine the group differences in the outcome measures across the treatment sessions.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- (1) 3;0 - 11;11 (years;months) years of age at treatment commencement;
- (2) speak both Cantonese and English: One caregiver one language for at least one year; speaking different languages at home versus school; and/or speak different languages at different times of day;
- (3) no concomitant developmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder;
- (4) no structural abnormalities that affect speech, such as cleft lip and/or palate;
- (5) no uncorrected vision impairment; and
- (6) no hearing loss;
- (7) CAS diagnosis confirmed by the research team based on the available diagnostic criteria in Cantonese speakers, which will be described in the next section
Exclusion Criteria:
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