Overview

This study will quantify the nociception using Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) during general anesthesia and analyze the differences in EEG depending on the degree of nociception. Additionally, the investigators will quantify the nociception during recovery and analyze the differences in EEG depending on the degree of nociception.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients aged ≥ 19 undergoing laparoscopic surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with arrhythmia
• Patients with pacemaker implantation
• Patients who have received a heart transplant
• Patients taking medications that may affect ANI (antimuscarinics, alpha-agonist, beta blockers, etc.)
• Patients with central nervous system disease (dementia, stroke, epilepsy, brain tumor, psychiatric disease, etc.)
• Patients who cannot understand the consent form