Overview

This study aims to establish a practical comprehensive intervention program for dysphagia after extubation in adult ICU patients based on the best evidence of its assessment and intervention, through expert panel discussion and Delphi method. In addition, combining the preliminary experimental results of vagus nerve stimulation applied to PED patients, we further develop a comprehensive intervention program for dysphagia after extubation based on neural regulation mechanism. Finally, the implementation effect of this PED comprehensive intervention program based on neural regulation mechanism will be verified through clinical application.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who met the diagnostic criteria of PED were changed to SSA score ≥24
2. aged from 18 to 90 years old;
3. oral or nasotracheal intubation for ≥48 hours;
4. Clear mind
5. Glasgow score ≥13 points, with good cooperation ability;
6. There was no contraindication to oral feeding after extubation

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Other diseases that affect swallowing function (such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, head and neck deformity, radiotherapy after head and neck cancer, burn with inhalation injury, esophageal cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.);
2. history of reflux and aspiration;
3. tracheotomy;
4. isolation treatment due to respiratory infectious diseases;
5. the presence of implantable electronic devices (e.g., pacemakers, cochlear implants);
6. Traumatic vagus recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, history of vagus nerve surgery, or vagus nerve injury