Description

Severe mental illnesses (SMI) distinguished as bipolar disorder and psychotic spectrum disorders, substantially impair patients' engagement in functional and occupational activities and severely limit social and societal functioning (GGZ Standaarden, 2022; NIH, 2022; NIMH, 2018). Based on the Dutch definition of SMI 1.7% of the national population suffers from an SMI (GGZ Standaarden, 2022). Despite this, time between first symptoms and accurate SMI diagnosis, can add up to more than 9.5 years in the case of bipolar disorders. For the psychotic spectrum, an early detection and intervention program (UHR) carried out by special EDI-Teams already exists, and has been found effective in limiting the transition to SMI with fifty percent. For bipolar disorders, no such program exists. This raises the question whether prodromal and subclinical symptoms of this disorder can be detected earlier and if transition into SMI can be limited. In light of current studies into the at-risk mental state, and the current development towards a possible transdiagnostic model for early detection and intervention of SMI (CHARMS-categories; (Liu et al., 2022)), the current study aims to contribute to limiting the transition into bipolar disorder. As a disturbance in circadian rhythm, as well as mood and anxiety symptoms are risk indicators for SMI in general and bipolar in specific, the current study evaluates an early intervention program for individuals at risk for developing an SMI, with a focus on bipolar symptomatology.

Individuals at risk will answer questions from the SIBARS interview. As explained in a publication of Fusar-Poli et al. (2022), "The Semi-structured Interview for Bipolar At Risk States (SIBARS) included a combination of several items adapted from well-established rating scales: (CAARMS (Yung et al., 2005); Hypomania Checklist-32 (Angst et al., 2005); Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale (Altman et al., 1997); TEMPS-A questionnaire (Akiskal et al., 2005); QIDS-SR (Rush et al., 2003); Bergen Insomnia Scale (Pallesen et al., 2008); Idiopathic hypersomnia questionnaire (Vernet et al., 2010)). The SIBARS interview was developed for youths aged 15-35 and comprehended 5 domains: 1. Subtreshold Mania, 2. Depression, 3. Cyclothymic Features, 4. Genetic Risk, 5. Mood Swings. Subtreshold Mania, Depression and Mood Swings are continuous rating scales (that include a severity and frequency anchors), while Cyclothyimc Features and Genetic Risk are categorical scales (yes/no). The cut-offs allow assigning the specific subgroup of the BARS criteria: 1. Substreshold Mania, 2. Depression+Cyclothymic Features, 3. Depression+Genetic Risk, 4. Cyclothymic Features+Genetic Risk, 5.Subtreshold Mixed Episode, 6. Mood Swings."