Overview
The goal of this quasi-experimental study is to examine the effects of a venous thromboembolism prevention program, or "5E" program, on the rates of venous thromboembolism in patients with spinal cord disorders. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Will participants receiving the 5E program have lower rates of venous thromboembolism compared to those receiving the usual care?
- Will participants receiving the 5E program have lower scores of venous thromboembolism signs and symptoms compared to those receiving the usual care?
- Will the average thigh and calf circumferences of participants before and after receiving the 5E program be different?
Participants in the intervention group will receive the 5E program, including
- Education: health education regarding venous thromboembolism prevention
- Elevation: leg elevation of 10-20 degrees
- Exercise: ankle exercises
- Enough fluid: adequate fluid uptake
- Early application of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC): IPC use within 48 hours after admission
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Caprini scores of 5-8 and >8
- Able to communicate in the Thai language
- Willing to participate in this study
Exclusion Criteria:
- Alteration of consciousness
- Experiencing complications, including neurogenic shock and autonomic dysreflexia
- Being pregnant
- Having fluid restriction