Description

Hemorrhagic shock is one of the leading causes of death following trauma. New fluid resuscitation concepts, including hypotensive, hypothermic, and delayed resuscitation for uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, have been put forward and obtained a good effect both in clinical and laboratory parameters. The 2019 European guideline on the management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma recommends the use of norepinephrine (NE) for maintaining target arterial blood pressure in patients with life-threatening hypotension. NE has potent α-adrenergic receptor activation activity, which can stimulate α-1 adrenergic receptors on peripheral vascular smooth muscles. High-dose NE may result in excessive arteriolar vasoconstriction which subsequently leads to the disorder of microcirculation and tissue hypoxia.