Overview
The purpose of this observational study is to assess the role of plasma concentration monitoring of treatment drugs for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in terms of efficacy and side effects.
Furthermore, the investigators examines the role of anti-drug antibodies and receptor polymorphisms in CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors in treatment failure among patients with mRCC treated with check point immunotherapy. Moreover, polymorphisms in the UGT1A1 gene will be correlated with the pazopanib treatment dose.
Description
- BACKGROUND
Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is ineffective among 25 % of patients. However, treatment still reduces patients' quality of life.
From clinical experience, interindividual dose requirements vary greatly among patients with mRCC treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
The investigators expect this to partly be explained by great variation in the plasma concentration of treatment drugs. Furthermore, treatment failure among patients with mRCC treated with check point immunotherapy has not been fully investigated.
- RATIONALE
The few studies concerning plasma concentration measurement of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with mRCC have found that a certain level of drug concentration is necessary for treatment efficacy. The role of plasma concentration in side effects is yet unknown.
Anti drug antibodies against the check point inhibitor ipilimumab has been shown to reduce efficacy and lead to treatment failure among patients with malignant melanoma. Receptor polymorphism in CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors in terms of efficacy have not yet been studied.
A therapeutic drug interval for TKI treatment will allow for quicker and more precise dosing, and early signs of treatment failure of checkpoint immunotherapy will allow for quicker change of therapy, or define a subgroup of patients who will not benefit from checkpoint immunotherapy and therefore should be offered another effective treatment instead.
- HYPOTHESIS
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- Patients treated with TKIs for more than 6 months have an optimal plasma trough concentration. Objective response rate, progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity in these patients are favorable compared with pivotal phase III study results.
- Patients treated with CPI obtaining response have a higher plasma trough concentration value of ipilimumab and nivolumab than patients with progressive disease (PD). Patients treated with CPI who develop PD have a higher amount of ADA than patients with response to treatment.
- Certain polymorphisms in CTLA-4 and PD-1 are associated with poor outcome.
- UGT1A1 polymorphism is associated with improved survival despite dose reductions in patients treated with pazopanib.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
All eligible TKI-patients will have blood samples drawn at each clinical visit during a 6-months period.
The plasma concentration of TKIs will be measured with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry at Aarhus University Hospital.
All eligible CPI-patients will have blood samples drawn from start CPI-treatment and during treatment until treatment failure or full treatment (2 years).
Analysis of checkpoint immunotherapy will be be done using in-house bead-based assays, anti-human IgG detection antibody and in-house developed flow cytometry-based assay at the Institute for Inflammation Research at Rigshospitalet.
Overall survival, progression free survival and quality of life using FKSI-19 questionnaire will be recorded for each patient.
This is an observational study among Danish patients treated for mRCC over a 6 year year period.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients in Denmark with medically treated metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Exclusion Criteria:
- No written informed consent.