Overview
Observational, within subject study design with 1 pre and 2 post-fire exposure biomarker samples collected to assess exposure to toxicants from combustion emissions related to fighting a structural fire.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Firefighter (career or volunteer)
- Over 18 years of age
- Able to provide written voluntary consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Unwilling to provide a pre and post-exposure urine sample
- Current cancer diagnosis
- Tobacco use within the last 1 year (verified by urinary TNEs)