Overview

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the nasal environment in obese and lean individuals.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

N=50 adult male and female patients with obesity will be included in this study.

Inclusion criteria:

Inclusion criteria:

• Age 18-55 years
• Written informed consent
• BMI > 30 kg/m2

        N=50 adult lean patients age- and sex-matched to the group of obese patients will be
        included in this study.
        Inclusion criteria:
          -  Age 18-55 years
          -  Written informed consent
          -  BMI 18-25 kg/m2
        N=50 adult male and female patients with obesity with scheduled bariatric will be included
        in this study
        Inclusion criteria:
          -  Age 18-55 years
          -  Written informed consent
          -  BMI > 35 kg/m2
        Exclusion Criteria:
          -  Smoking
          -  Chronic or acute sinusitis
          -  Surgical intervention of the nasal cavity or the paranasal sinus
          -  Use of antibiotics within the last 31 days18
          -  Current illicit drug abuse including daily marijuana or CBD consumption (≤ 24 g of
             alcohol per day allowed)
          -  Any kind of severe chronic disease (e.g. severe heart failure, active cancer disease)
          -  Use of any kind of decongestant more than twice a week
          -  Use of cortisone-containing nasal spray within the last 3 months
          -  Acute allergic rhinitis
          -  History of neurodegenerative diseases
          -  History of severe head trauma
          -  Severe renal impairment (e.g. estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min/m2)