Overview
Sex difference of coronary microvascular dysfunction evaluated by coronary flow reserve will be assessed in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease
Description
The investigators will select consecutive patients who experienced chest pain but had no significant coronary artery stenosis (<50% stenosis). Coronary microvascular function will be evaluated by adenosine stress echocardiography. Coronary blood flow velocities will be measured at 1, 2, and 3 min after adenosine infusion.
Sex difference of coronary microvascular dysfunction evaluated by coronary flow reserve will be assessed.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Typical/atypical chest pain or ischemic symptoms including dyspnea
- No significant coronary artery stenosis (<50% stenosis) in coronary angiography or computed tomography
Exclusion Criteria:
- ≥ Moderate valvular heart disease
- Congenital heart disease
- Chronic renal failure (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min/1.73m2) or end-stage renal failure undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
- Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and primary pulmonary hypertension
- Receiving anticancer drugs
- Vasculitis associated with autoimmune diseases
- Atrioventricular block with more than second degrees, symptomatic bradycardia, cryo-node failure syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) patients