Overview

The goal of this observational study is to characterize the diagnostic and therapeutic management of autoimmune cytopenias including autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, and chronic idiopathic/autoimmune neutropenia.

The main aims to answer are:

• evaluation of traditional and novel diagnostic tools including immunohematology, cytokine essays, bone marrow studies, molecular findings, and fecal microbiome.
• evaluation of type and sequence of the therapies administered, the response rates, and the adverse events.
• evaluation of clinical and laboratory (immunologic, molecular, and morphologic) predictors of outcome.
• evolution of autoimmune cytopenias into myelodysplastic syndromes.
• a subgroup of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes will be included to evaluate the presence of immunologic events, autoimmune activation, and red cell metabolism.

Participants will receive a clinical/laboratory diagnostic workup as per current clinical practice. Furthermore They will be sampled at baseline (peripheral blood and feces for microbiome) and followed up for at least 3 years to evaluate their clinical course, therapeutic management and outcome.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of autoimmune cytopenias (AIHA/ITP/CIN/AIN)
• age >/= 18 years
• ability to sign informed consent
• availability to undergo 3 year follow up
• for the subgroup of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: bone marrow evaluation showing >/= 10% dysplastic features of at least one lineage along with MDS defining cytopenia and/or MDS defining cytogenetics.

Exclusion Criteria:

• any condition impeding the acquisition of the informed consent
• immune cytopenia diagnosis preceding >/= 6 months the enrolment