Overview
This phase II study compares the order of treatment with ivosidenib or enasidenib and azacitidine plus venetoclax in treating older patients with acute myeloid leukemia with genetic changes in the IDH1 or IDH2 genes (IDH mutated). Ivosidenib is in a class of medications called isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. Enasidenib is in a class of medications called an IDH2 inhibitor. It also works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. Venetoclax is in a class of medications called B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitors. It may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking Bcl-2, a protein needed for cancer cell survival. Azacitidine is in a class of medications called demethylation agents. It works by helping the bone marrow to produce normal blood cells and by killing abnormal cells. This study may help researchers determine which treatment order is best for older patients with IDH mutated acute myeloid leukemia: 1) ivosidenib or enasidenib followed by azacitidine plus venetoclax; or 2) azacitidine plus venetoclax followed by ivosidenib or enasidenib.
Description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. To compare overall treatment failure at 24 months in newly diagnosed IDH1 or IDH2 mutated AML patients ≥18 years who are not candidates for intensive induction chemotherapy randomized to either sequential treatment with an IDH inhibitor in combination with azacitidine followed by venetoclax in combination with azacitidine (Arm A) or sequential treatment with venetoclax in combination with azacitidine followed by an IDH inhibitor in combination with azacitidine (Arm B).
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To compare overall survival at 24 months between patients treated on the two sequential treatment arms.
II. To compare time to overall treatment failure and time-to-event overall survival between patients treated on the two sequential treatment arms.
III. To determine the degree of response and compare complete remission (CR) rates, CR/complete remission with hematologic improvement (CRh)/complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) rates, and overall response rates (CR/CRh/CRi/morphologic leukemia free state [MLFS]) for first-line therapy and second-line therapy between patients treated on the two sequential treatment arms.
IV. To compare the duration of response (CR/CRh/CRi) to first-line therapy and second-line therapy between patients treated on the two sequential treatment arms.
V. To determine toxicity profiles for patients treated on the two sequential treatment arms, overall and by first-line treatment and by second-line treatment.
VI. To determine causes that would not allow patients who fail first line treatment to go on to second line treatment.
VII. To determine the number and proportion of patients who are able to go onto allogeneic transplantation in both treatment arms.
EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
I. To assess the clonal, biochemical and differentiation changes in AML cells during IDH-inhibitor and venetoclax treatment using flow cytometry and serial next generation sequencing on bone marrow specimens before and during treatment to assess for potential resistance mutations or clonal evolution that may be predictors of relapse.
II. To examine molecular properties of AML cells associated with primary and secondary resistance to each treatment arm to determine if particular subtypes of AML may be more or less likely to respond to a certain treatment modality.
III. To perform minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring via liquid biopsy via our custom-designed 30-gene mutation ArcherPlex panel to monitor clonal dynamics during both sequential treatment arms.
OUTLINE: Patients are randomized into 1 of 2 arms.
ARM A: For IDH1 mutated AML patients randomized to first-line therapy with IDHi+aza, patients will receive Ivosidenib 500mg po orally daily on Days 1-28 of each 28 day cycle. For IDH2 mutated AML patients randomized to first-line therapy with IDHi+aza, patients will receive Enasidenib 100mg po orally daily on Days 1-28 of each 28 day cycle. Azacitidine will be given to both groups intravenously at 75mg/m2 daily on days 1-7 of each 28 day cycle. Subsequent cycles may be adjusted in timing and dosing based off the FDA-label for the combination therapy based off cytopenias or other toxicities.
ARM B: For both IDH1 and IDH2 mutated AML patient randomized to first-line therapy with Ven+aza, patients will receive venetoclax dosing with the ramp-up and dosing per the FDA-label (based off of concurrent drug interactions). Azacitidine will be given intravenously at 75mg/m2 daily on days 1-7 of each 28-day cycle. Subsequent cycles may be adjusted in timing and dosing based off the FDA-label for the combination therapy based off cytopenias or other toxicities.
After completion of the study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days and then every 3 months for 5 years from registration, until death, or withdrawal of consent from study assessments and all further follow-up.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients with newly diagnosed IDH1 or IDH2 mutated AML
- Not a candidate for or refuses intensive induction therapy
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2
- Creatinine clearance > 40 ml/min
- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 5 x upper limit of normal
- Total bilirubin < 1.5 x upper limit of normal (except for patients with Gilbert's disease)
- For female patients of childbearing potential, willingness to abstain from
heterosexual intercourse or use a protocol-recommended method of contraception from
the screening visit throughout the study treatment period and for 30 days following
the last dose of either study drug
- For male patients of childbearing potential having intercourse with females of childbearing potential, the willingness to abstain from heterosexual intercourse or use a protocol recommended method of contraception from the start of study treatment throughout the study treatment period and for 90 days following the last dose of either study drug. Males must also refrain from sperm donation from the start of study treatment throughout the study treatment period and for 90 days following the last dose of either dose of study drug
- Willingness to comply with scheduled visits, drug administration plan, imaging
studies, laboratory tests, other study procedures and study restrictions
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia
- Known active central nervous system involvement of leukemia
- History of active non-myeloid malignancy except for the following: adequately treated local basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, cervical carcinoma in situ, superficial bladder cancer, asymptomatic prostate cancer without known metastatic disease or any other cancer that has been in complete remission without treatment for >= 5 years prior to enrollment
- Evidence of ongoing uncontrolled systemic bacterial, fungal or viral infection at the time of start of study treatment
- Uncontrolled infection with hepatitis C, hepatitis B, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Pregnancy or breast feeding
- Concurrent participation in an investigational drug trial with therapeutic intent defined as prior study therapy within 14 days prior to study treatment
- Inability to tolerate oral medications including symptomatic disease significantly affecting gastrointestinal function such as inflammatory bowel disease or resection of stomach or small bowel