Overview
The etiology of tourniquet pain is complex, and the study team hypothesizes that blocking with Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB) is more efficient in decreasing the incidence of tourniquet pain in comparison with other techniques.
As there is a paucity of studies that evaluate the effect of intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) block and ISBPB and Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) with a supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SCBPB) on tourniquet pain in forearm surgery, Therefore, we established this randomized study to compare ISBPB and ICBN and PCA with fentanyl with SCBPB in terms of the incidence and severity of tourniquet pain in patients undergoing forearm surgery.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- aged more than 18 years,
- ASAI-III patients
- scheduled to undergo orthopedic or plastic surgery distal to the elbow with an anticipated tourniquet duration greater than 45 min.
- desiring regional anesthesia as the primary anesthetic.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Contraindication to regional anesthesia.
- Allergy to local anesthetics.
- Primary block failure.
- If patients desired deep intraoperative sedation.
- Clinically significant cognitive impairment.