Overview

This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and heterogeneities of early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to determine the disease development of early COPD, and to establish a multidimensional model for predicting the outcomes of early COPD.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• The individuals who meet the defining criteria of PRISm, COPD Stage 0, Pre-COPD, Early COPD, Young COPD, and Mild COPD, according to the latest GOLD documents and publications.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age < 18 years or > 80 years;
• Pregnant or maternal women;
• Having malignant and active tumor(s), and receiving treatment;
• Undergoing a surgical operation;
• Having problems with mental awareness;
• Having difficulties in daily activities;
• Participating in other interventional clinical trials.