Overview
Remote Ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been reported to improve myocardial microcirculation, promote collateral circulation recruitment, and improve myocardial perfusion in patients.Two large randomized controlled trials demonstrated a perioperative cardioprotective effect of RIPC (reduced troponin levels), but did not find that a single preoperative RIPC improved long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).The effect of a single RIPC before CABG may be too short. This study aims to investigate whether long-term RIPC improved myocardial perfusion in patients 3 months and 6 months after CABG surgery , and to detect changes in blood vascular endothelial growth factor, Nitrc Oxide, adenosine，and Endothelin-1, and to observe MACCE event rates at 12 months.
Description
A total of 210 patients were randomly divided into three groups according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 70 patients in each group.
Experimental Group 1:
The patient underwent one RIPC (Four five-minute cycles of upper limb ischaemia and Four five-minute pauses using a blood pressure cuff air vehicle to 200 mmHg) 1 hours before surgery, then normal surgery, and RIPC was performed on the second day after surgery and every day after surgery, which lasted for 1 year.
Experiment Group 2:
Patients underwent once RIPC 1 hours before surgery, and then normal medical procedures were performed with no additional intervention.
Control group:
Patients did not receive any additional intervention. All patients were evaluated in three ways. First: 7days and 3 months after surgery , the quantitative examination of myocardial blood flow was conducted to observe the improvement of myocardial blood perfusion.
Second: The changes in the concentrations of vascular colorectal growth factor, Nitrc Oxide, adenosine, and endothelin-1.
Third, patients were evaluated for 6 months and 12months MACCE incidence (cardiovascular death, Nonfatal myocardial infarction, unplanned revascularization, and stroke).
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Three coronary artery lesions, CABG surgery was planned
Exclusion Criteria:
- The patients could not tolerate ripc;
- peripheral vascular disease affecting upper limbs
- Acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock，in recent 30 days,
- Emergency cases
- Severe structural heart disease and severe arrhythmia ；
- The uncontrolled systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of severe hypertension were 180 mmHg and 120 mmHg respectively;
- Severe liver, renal and pulmonary disease
- Mental disorder can't cooperate;
- Inability to give informed consent；
- Patients on glibenclamide or nicorandil, as these medications may interfere with RIC
- pregnant;