Overview

This is a multi-center, single arm, prospective, open-label, extendable study for the efficacy and safety of combo-stim deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory mental disorders (obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar with depression, anorexia nervosa, gambling disorder and adult autism).

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder:
   1. Aged 18~65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or female.
   2. Fits DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive disorder criteria.
   3. Fits treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder criteria (both i and ii):

             i.Treated with at least 3 kinds of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with at least
             2 kinds of 2nd generation antipsychotic medication as enhancement, enough dosage and
             enough course of treatment, and still no effect or intolerant.
             ii.While using enough dosage of SSRIs, treated with more than 8~12 times of Cognitive
             Behavior Therapy (CBT) or CBT-intolerant.
             d)Y-BOCS score ≥ 25 in screening period and baseline. e)CGI-S score ≥ 4 in screening
             period and baseline. f)Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed
             consent after fully understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and
             risks.
          2. Treatment refractory schizophrenia:
               1. Aged 18~65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or
                  female.
               2. Fits DSM-5 schizophrenia criteria.
               3. Course of disorder ≥ 5 years.
               4. Fits treatment refractory schizophrenia criteria, one of the conditions below:
             i.Treated with more than 2 different anti-psychotic medications (clozapine excluded),
             enough dosage (equivalent dosage as chlorpromazine ≥ 600mg/day), enough course of
             treatment (≥ 12 weeks), no effect or intolerant.
             ii.Treated with enough dosage of clozapine (≥ 300mg/day or blood medication
             concentration ≥ 350ng/ml, enough course of treatment (≥ 12 weeks), no effect or
             intolerant.
             e)PANSS score ≥ 70 in screening period and baseline, and at least 1 item from 5 items
             (P1, P2, P3, P5, P6) of PANSS positive symptom scale ≥ 4; or at least 3 items from
             PANSS negative symptom scale (N1~N7) ≥ 4, or at least 2 items ≥ 5.
             f)CGI-S ≥ 4 in screening period and baseline. g)GAF ≤ 60 in screening period and
             baseline. h)Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed consent after
             fully understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and risks.
          3. Treatment refractory bipolar with depression:
               1. Aged 18~65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or
                  female.
               2. Fits DSM-5 bipolar I or bipolar II criteria, currently with depression episode.
               3. Course of disorder ≥ 2 years.
               4. Fits treatment refractory bipolar with depression criteria (treated with two
                  different kinds of treatment below, enough dosage and enough course of treatment
                  ≥ 8 weeks, and cannot acquire symptom cure for 8 consecutive weeks, either i or
                  ii):
             i.Used at least two medications (alone) among Olanzapine (10-20mg/d) + Fluoxetine
             (20-60mg/d), Quetiapine (200-600mg/d), Lurasidone (40-160mg/d), Lamotrigine
             (200-400mg/d) ii.Used at least one medication above (alone), and used one of
             medication above with another medication among Lamotrigine (200-400mg/d), Valproate
             (1000-2000mg/d) and lithium salt (blood lithium reaches 0.8mmol/L).
             e)Upon medication treatment, electroconvulsive therapy ≥ 12 times, no effect or failed
             (such as intolerant).
             f)Fits severe symptom criteria: i.Depression episode ≥ 12 weeks in screening period.
             ii.MADRS score ≥ 26 in screening period and baseline. iii.GCI-BP score ≥ 4 in
             screening period and baseline. iv.YMRS score ≥ 12 in screening period and baseline.
             g)Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed consent after fully
             understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and risks.
          4. Treatment refractory anorexia nervosa:
               1. Aged 18~65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or
                  female.
               2. Fits DSM-5 anorexia nervosa criteria, consider both restricting type and
                  binge-eating/purging type.
               3. 10 ≤ BMI < 16 in screening period and baseline.
               4. Fits treatment refractory anorexia nervosa criteria (both i, ii, iii and iv):
             i.Course of disorder ≥ 5 years, severe and sustained anorexia nervosa. ii.With ≥ 3
             times repeated inpatient history and bad treatment effect (can't complete treatment or
             immediate relapse after treatment).
             iii.Through systemic nutrient treatment, medication (SSRIs and/or anti-psychotics),
             psychotherapies (such as reinforced CBT, FBT treatment), no effect or intolerant.
             iv.Worsened instability of clinical treatment, refuse treatment or bad reaction to
             reinforced treatment, last for more than 1 year, with more than 2 times of involuntary
             food intake.
             e)Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed consent after fully
             understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and risks.
          5. Gambling disorder:
               1. Aged 18~65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or
                  female.
               2. Course of disorder ≥ 2 years.
               3. Diagnosed as gambling disorder based on DSM-5, fits medium or severe diagnostic
                  standard (≥ 6 terms)
               4. Received systemic treatment (such as medication and social mental intervention)
                  but still has iterative thoughts of impulse or gambling behaviors.
               5. Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed consent after fully
                  understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and risks.
          6. Adult autism:
               1. Aged 18~65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or
                  female.
               2. Fits DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder diagnostic standard, and there's severe,
                  life-threatening iterative behaviors, and independently evaluated by two
                  psychiatric doctors.
               3. AuBC score ≥ 62 in screening period and baseline.
               4. CGI-S score ≥ 4 in screening period and baseline.
               5. Course of disorder ≥ 10 years, received systemic behavior intervention or
                  training ( such as critical reaction training, cognitive behavior intervention,
                  language expression training, demonstration method, natural environment training,
                  patriarch training, social skill training, intervention based on story tales,
                  etc. ) but failed, or intolerant.
               6. Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed consent after fully
                  understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and risks.
        Exclusion Criteria:
          1. With mental disorders including physical mental disorders, paranoid personality
             disorder, delayed mental development etc.
          2. Through clinical evaluation by investigators, there exists significant suicide
             behavior risk.
          3. From screening period to baseline, patients who has significant improvement in
             evaluation scores:
               1. Obsessive compulsive disorder: Y-BOCS score decreased (or improved) ≥ 20%
               2. Schizophrenia: PANSS score decreased (or improved) ≥ 20%
               3. Bipolar with depression: MADRS score decreased (or improved) ≥ 20%
               4. Anorexia nervosa: BMI improved ≥ 20%
               5. Gambling: through evaluation by investigators, online gambling behavior is
                  significantly improved
               6. Adult autism: AuBC score decreased (or improved) ≥ 20%.
          4. With severe or unstable cardiovascular, inspiratory, liver, kidney, blood, endocrine,
             neural system or other system disorders.
          5. Has neural system disorders including physical brain disorders, brain trauma,
             treatment-refractory seizure etc.
          6. During screening period or baseline, abnormalities in patient's physical examination,
             laboratory examination, electrocardiogram examination, imaging examination have
             significant clinical meaning, and patients who are considered unfit by investigators.
          7. Implanted artificial cochlea, pacemaker, similar single-side or double-side products
             or experienced other physical surgeries within half a year that are considered to have
             effect on this trial by investigators.
          8. DBS implant surgery taboos present and is considered unfit by investigators.
          9. Diagnosed as HIV positive.
         10. Female in gestation, lactation, or blood HCG / urine gestation test positive. Or
             patients who can't take effective contraception actions during the trial. Or patients
             planning to birth or give birth after the trial begins for 3 months.
         11. Currently involved or involved in other medication or medical device clinical trials 3
             months before the screening period.
         12. Other patients who are considered unfit by investigators.