Overview
In our study, we assess the diaphragmatic function, pain quality and anti-inflammatory properties between low dose infusion of dexmedetomidine and ketamine in patients with multiple fracture ribs on conservative treatment.
Description
A written informed consent from patients or thier legal guardians, Patients will be assigned randomly to three groups (30 subjects each) with traumatic multiple fracture ribs 3 ribs or more. After thoracic epidural is inserted, the drug study intervention will be started and run for 5 days during ICU admission. In (Group D) low dose dexmedetomidine infusion 0.2 µ/kg/hour IV for 5 days. In (Group K) low dose ketamine infusion 2.5 µ/kg/min for 5 days. In (Group C) the same dose and duration of normal saline will be given.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adults (age 18-65 years) of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II
- Traumatic multiple fracture ribs 3 ribs or more, who will be subjected to thorough assessments including chest 3D-CT
- Undergoing conservative treatment (chest strappings)
- Intractable pain with visual analogue scale (VAS) over 6 after traditional therapies
- Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≥ 13.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Multiple traumas to body parts other than chest with an abbreviated injury scale over 3
- Serious head trauma with a Glasgow coma scale lower than 13
- Mechanically ventilated patients
- Massive hemothorax
- Injury to the trachea or bronchus with requirement for immediate surgery
- Dementia
- Use of corticosteroids during ICU stay
- Sepsis
- Continued use of neuromuscular blocking agents and aminoglycosides antibiotic use as they are known risk factors for ICU-acquired weakness and any known hypersensitivity
- Contraindication to the study drugs.