Overview
The experimental study investigates which metabolic responses of calcium and parathyroid hormone are observable in blood and urine in a cohort of 41 healthy adults following a sequence of different exposures: low-calcium water first and high-calcium water afterward.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Body mass index ≥ 18 and < 30
- Maintenance of diet and physical activity lifestyle throughout the duration of the study
- Acceptance of informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Consumption of water with calcium > 150 mg/L
- Pregnancy (as established by self-declaration), breastfeeding, menopause
- Inability to follow the study protocol
- Cardiac, vascular, renal, and oncological disease
- Neuropsychiatric disease, developmental disorders
- Disease or past surgery affecting the gastrointestinal tract
- Drugs that interfere with bone (e.g. corticosteroids) or with fluid balance (e.g. diuretics)