Overview

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the primary cause of long-term disability in the United States, affecting approximately 795,000 people each year. Hemiparesis, or unilateral weakness, is common after stroke and responsible for changes in muscle activation and movement patterns as well as declines in walking speed. It has been shown that increased walking speed directly corresponds to a higher quality of life in older adults and therefore, is often the goal of motor rehabilitation after stroke. However, there is no consensus on the best method for improving walking function after stroke and the results of post-stroke gait studies vary widely across sites and studies. Walking is one of the human's most important functions that serve survival, progress, and interaction. The force between the foot and the walking surface is very important. Although there have been many studies trying to understand this, there is a need for the development of a system that can advance research and provide new functionality. In this work, we will conduct a series of studies that attempt to analyze human gait and adaptations from different perspectives.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

Two groups of subjects will be included in the study.

        Group A: Individuals must be between the ages of 18 and 80 years, be in general good
        health, and be proficient in English. The subjects' physical fitness for participation in
        the research procedures will be documented via the Physical Readiness Questionnaire
        (PAR-Q). Their answers to the PAR-Q will be evaluated by the study team to determine if
        they are suitable for the study. Individuals should not have significant musculoskeletal
        conditions (osteoarthritis, joint replacement etc). The subjects' resting heart rate must
        be between 60-100 beats per minute, while their resting blood pressure between 90/60 to
        140/90. The subjects should weigh under 250 pounds (lbs).
        Group B: Individuals must be between the ages of 18 and 80 years, speak English, have a
        single, unilateral, chronic stroke (>6 months post-stroke), confirmed by Magnetic Resonance
        Imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) scan. They should be able to walk at a
        self-selected speed for at least 15 minutes without assistance from another person. They
        should be able to respond to questions during screening, provide informed consent and fully
        follow instructions. The subjects' resting heart rate must be between 60-100 beats per
        minute, while their resting blood pressure between 90/60 to 160/90. The subjects should
        weigh under 250 pounds (lbs).
        Exclusion Criteria:
          -  Any neurological conditions (applicable to Group A - healthy subjects) or other
             neurological conditions in addition to stroke (applicable to Group B - stroke
             survivors);
          -  Inability to walk outside the home before the stroke (applicable to Group B - stroke
             survivors);
          -  Coronary artery bypass graft in the past 3 months, myocardial infarction in the past 3
             months, uncontrolled or untreated atrial fibrillation, severe or painful peripheral
             vascular disease, diagnosis of heart failure, or unstable or untreated angina;
          -  Expressive aphasia
          -  Reported musculoskeletal pain or conditions that limit walking (such as tendonitis,
             arthritis, osteoporosis, spinal stenosis, or any orthopedic surgery or fracture to the
             legs or spine in the last 6 months);
          -  Inability to communicate with investigators (e.g., due to severe aphasia or other
             cognitive impairment);
          -  Severe respiratory problems such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD);
          -  Unexplained dizziness;
          -  Weight greater than 250 pounds (lbs).
          -  Inability to ascend and descend 4 steps with handrails using another person's
             assistance (if desired)