Description

There are 2 main study components- a clinic visit (all participants) and at-home specimen collections (volunteer subsample only). Each procedure is described below.

Clinic Visit Procedures (all participants):

Height- Height will be measured to the nearest 0.5 cm. Shoes should be removed.

Weight- Weight will be measured to the nearest 0.5 kg. Shoes and any extra jackets/sweaters/layers should be removed.

Blood Pressure- Blood pressure will be measured using the following procedures- Make sure that the participant hasn't smoked for 20 minutes prior to the BP measurement. Remove all clothing that covers the location of the cuff placement. Have the participant sit comfortably in a chair, with back supported, legs uncrossed and feet flat on the floor, arm supported at the level of the heart on a table, palm facing upward. Be sure to choose a cuff that correctly fits the participant's arm size. The lower end of the cuff should be ½ to 1 inch above the inner side of the elbow joint. The middle of the cuff should be at the level of the right atrium. Place the cuff snugly around the bare upper arm so that you can only insert one finger between the cuff and the arm.

Blood Draws/2-Hour OGTT- The participant should be active and eat a regular diet for three days prior to the test. They should be instructed not to eat or drink anything except water for at least 8 hours before the test. Someone trained in phlebotomy will insert an IV into the patient's arm so that blood draws can occur before and after the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). They will draw 2 tubes of blood (one 3 ml lavender top tube for HbA1C and one 4.5 ml green plasma separator tube for glucose, insulin, c-peptide, and lipid values). Then, a team member will provide the participant with a chilled Fisherbrand Glucose Tolerance Test Beverage (10 oz beverage, 75 g concentration) to drink. The participant must drink the entire beverage within 5 minutes. The patient should remain seated during the 2-hours of the test. They should not eat or drink anything except for plain water during the test (no mints, cough drops, chewing gum, or smoking).

At the 1-hour mark, 1 tube of blood (4.5 ml green plasma separator tube for glucose and insulin values) will be drawn.

Once the 2 hours have passed, 2 more tubes of blood (one 3 ml lavender top tube for c-reactive protein, calprotectin, and lactoferrin and one 4.5 ml green plasma separator tube for glucose and insulin values) will be drawn.

During the downtime between blood draws, the participant will answer the questions from the baseline survey and report their current medications interview-style with the research team member.

This visit is expected to last 3-4 hours.

Home Specimen Collection (volunteer subsample only; volunteers may do urine and/or stool samples):

Participants will be given specimen collection containers and instructions on collecting the 24-hour urine sample and/or stool sample, whichever they volunteer to collect. Finally, a date, time, and meeting location will be scheduled to return the samples to the research team.