Overview
This study will evaluate the relative vaccine effectiveness of quadrivalent adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV4) versus quadrivalent high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV4) in preventing polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza and influenza-related outcomes in adults ≥65 years of age during the 2023/24 and 2024/25 influenza seasons. The study is an observational study conducted at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated health care system in the United States.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age ≥65 years at the time of influenza vaccination
- KPNC member at the time of vaccination
- Receive either aIIV4 or HD-IIV4 at a KPNC facility during the 2023/24 and/or 2024/25 influenza seasons
Exclusion Criteria:
- Age <65 years at the time of influenza vaccination
- Received either aIIV4 or HD-IIV4 in the inpatient setting
- Receive more than one influenza vaccination during a single season period (i.e., 2023/24 or 2024/25 influenza seasons)
- Receive an influenza vaccination outside of KPNC