Overview
Abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with the hyperactivation of the endocannabinoid system. Several animal and human studies indicate that circulating endocannabinoid (EC) levels are correlated with body fat. Thus, adipose tissue, which possesses the enzymatic machinery for the synthesis of ECs, could be the main producer of plasma ECs.
Today, it is clearly established that stimulation of the endocannabinoid system, via activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1s) located in the brain, leads to increased food intake and weight gain. Moreover, peripheral CB1s present in organs such as the liver, muscles and adipose tissue are involved in the establishment of metabolic deregulations linked to obesity (steatosis, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia).
Thus, ECs produced by adipose tissue could play a key role in the regulation of carbohydrate-lipid homeostasis through their autocrine or paracrine actions by activating central and peripheral CB1s. Therefore, the objective of this study is to:
- clarify whether obesity, associated or not with diabetes, leads to an overproduction of ECs (specifying which ones) by visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue
- to determine whether blocking CB1s with new peripherally acting antagonists can lead to a reduction in the production of ECs by adipose tissue.
This study will also provide an opportunity to evaluate the production of adipokines and cytokines involved in the control of energy homeostasis under the different experimental conditions.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Controls:
- men or post-menopausal women aged between 18 and 80
- gave oral consent
- to undergo visceral surgery
Non-diabetic obese subjects:
- men or post-menopausal women aged between 18 and 80
- BMI > 30
- gave oral consent
- to undergo visceral surgery
Obese diabetic subjects:
- men or post-menopausal women aged between 18 and 80
- type 2 diabetic not treated with Insulin or GLP-1 agonist
- BMI > 30
- gave oral consent
- to undergo visceral surgery
Exclusion Criteria:
- Controls:
- Person not covered by national health insurance.
- BMI > 30
- diabetes
- chronic inflammatory disease
- cancer undergoing chemotherapy or chemotherapy less than a year old
- digestive cancer with recent weight loss (≥10%) and/or malnutrition
- known metastatic cancer
- cancer undergoing long-term hormonal treatment
- protected adult
Non-diabetic obese subjects:
- Person not covered by national health insurance
- diabetes
- chronic inflammatory disease
- cancer undergoing chemotherapy or chemotherapy less than a year old
- digestive cancer with recent weight loss (≥10%) and/or malnutrition
- known metastatic cancer
- cancer undergoing long-term hormonal treatment
- protected adult
Obese diabetic subjects:
- Person not covered by national health insurance
- chronic inflammatory disease
- cancer undergoing chemotherapy or chemotherapy less than a year old
- digestive cancer with recent weight loss (≥10%) and/or malnutrition
- known metastatic cancer
- cancer undergoing long-term hormonal treatment
- type 1 diabetes
- secondary diabetes
- protected adult