Overview
Advances in surgical and medical care have led to improved outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). As a consequence, the majority of patients nowadays survives to adulthood (adults with CHD, that is, adult CHD [ACHD]) with good quality of life. Despite the surgical success, the morbidity and mortality of ACHD is higher than in the general population and is linked to the development of heart failure (HF) in adulthood.
HF occurs in approximately 25% of patients with ACHD, even in those patients in whom the congenital mal-formation has been corrected successfully in childhood. The time course and presentation are heterogeneous owing to variable congenital malformation and limitation of treatment options. ACHD with an anatomic right ventricle as the systemic ventricle (e.g., atrial switch operation in patients with transposition of the great arteries [TGAs]) and those with a functional single ventricle (e.g., Fontan circulation) appear to be at higher risk of developing HF. Young age at initial corrective surgery-often in the first 2 years of life-and lack of specific medical therapies can contribute to a high and early demand for heart transplantation in patients with ACHD.
Description
The ARTORIA-R is an international, observational research project collecting retrospective data from 18 countries in the period 1989 to 2024 and will thereafter include data prospectively (Figure 1). These data include patient profiles at time of evaluation for listing, listing, waiting list dynamics, post-transplant data and basic donor data. Future data will be updated annually in July each year and each institution willing to contribute anonymised data to the register is invited to participate. Furthermore, the institutions and organ allocation agencies have to obtain a positive vote of the ethic committee responsible for the data transmission of anonymized patient data.
The inclusion criteria are: a. The patient has to be listed as an adult transplant candidate in the country the data is obtained with an age ≥18 years b. The patient has to have a congenital heart defect or an inherited cardiomyopathy (specific; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or non-compaction cardiomyopathy) which is often included into the category ACHD c. Data is obtained from the first evaluation for listing or listing for heart-only or heart-combined organ transplantation d. Transfer of anonymised data e. The institution/organization agrees to the memorandum how data is managed, and scientific cooperation is planned between all institutions. The registry has the aim to achieve meticulous information regarding the underlying congenital heart defect and the previous treatment of the patient. With these information the patients can be divided into different cohorts with a systemic left ventricle, a systemic right ventricle or a single ventricle (which can be either an anatomic left or right ventricle). Further data is acquired regarding the medical treatment, the haemodynamic evaluation of the patient, laboratory testing to assess additional organ function of the kidney or liver, treatment in the intermediate care or intensive care unit. As it is of special relevance in ACHD patient treatment of arrhythmia, antiarrhythmic medication and use of ICD or cardiac resynchronization therapy are evaluated. Were available the data regarding imaging at listing with ejection fraction for the systemic ventricle with echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are obtained.
The exclusion criteria is: a. The patient is listed for a second heart transplantation (retransplantation) During the ongoing study additional institutions and organizations will be asked to include their data as well. Although the initial data is retrospective additional data into the register will be entered prospectively.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- The patient has to be listed as an adult transplant candidate in the country the data is obtained with an age ≥18 years
- The patient has to have a congenital heart defect or an inherited cardiomyopathy (specific; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or non-compaction cardiomyopathy) which is often included into the category ACHD
- Data is obtained from the first evaluation for listing or listing for heart-only or heart-combined organ transplantation
- Transfer of anonymised data
- The institution/organization agrees to the memorandum how data is managed, and scientific cooperation is planned between all institutions
Exclusion Criteria:
- The patient is listed for a second heart transplantation (retransplantation)