Overview
This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of cladribine, combined with low-dose cytarabine and venetoclax (CAV regimen) for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML).
Description
Patients with relapse/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia often show resistance to conventional chemotherapy and have dismal prognosis. Salvage therapy using venetoclax combined with hypomethylation drugs achieved an overall response rate of only approximately 40% in R/R AML. Cladribine, a purine analogue, exerts cytotoxic, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative effects on AML cells.The efficacy of cladribine plus cytarabine and venetoclax in R/R AML has not been reported.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Aged 16-70 years old.
- Diagnosed with R/R AML.
- Patients with AML must meet one of the following criteria, A or B: A: Refractory AML disease was defined as follows: (1) failure to attain CR following exposure to at least 2 courses of standard or intensive induction therapy; or (2) bone marrow leukemia cell decline index (BMCDI) < 50% and > 20% after 1 course of standard or intensive induction therapy. B: Relapsed AML disease was defined as follows:
(1) reappearance of leukemic blasts in the peripheral blood after CR; or (2) detection of ≥ 5% blasts in the BM not attributable to another cause (e.g., BM regeneration after consolidation therapy); or (3) extramedullary relapse.
4. ECOG performance status score less than 2. 5. Expected survival time ≥12 weeks. 6.
Without serious heart, lung, liver, or kidney dysfunction. 7. Able to understand and
provide informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients who are allergic to the study drug or drugs with similar chemical structures.
- Pregnant or lactating women, and women of childbearing age who do not want to practice effective methods of contraception.
- Active infection.
- Active bleeding.
- Patients with new thrombosis, embolism, cerebral hemorrhage, or other diseases or a medical history within one year before enrollment.
- Patients with mental disorders or other conditions.
- Liver function abnormalities (total bilirubin > 1.5 times of the upper limit of the normal range, ALT/AST > 2.5 times of the upper limit of the normal range or patients with liver involvement whose ALT/AST > 1.5 times the upper limit of the normal range), or renal dysfunction (Ccr<50ml/h).
- Patients with a history of clinically significant QTc interval prolongation (male > 450 ms; female > 470 ms), ventricular heart tachycardia and atrial fibrillation, II-degree heart block, myocardial infarction attack within one year before enrollment, and congestive heart failure, and patients with coronary heart disease who have clinical symptoms and requiring drug treatment.
- Patients who relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
- Drug abuse or long-term alcohol abuse that would affect the evaluation results.
- Patients who have received organ transplants.
- Patients not suitable for the study according to the investigator's assessment.