Overview
This research study collects health-related information and blood samples to better understand how body composition, lifestyle habits, and diet influence meta-inflammatory monocytes (MiMos) in adolescents. The hypothesis of this study is that adolescents at risk for metabolic disease have enhanced MiMo related activities leading to insulin resistance.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
- Between 14 and 18 years of age
- Tanner stage 4 or 5 (mature adult stage of puberty)
- Normal weight (BMI ≥ 5th percentile & < 85th percentile), overweight (BMI > 86th percentile) & < 94th percentile), obese weight (BMI percentile ≥ 95th percentile), and/or pre-diabetes (HbA1c > 5.7%)
- For Type 2 Diabetes cohort, diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
Exclusion Criteria:
- Currently pregnant
- Use medications known to affect glucose metabolism (immunosuppressive medications, cancer medications, or high dose steroids), unless prescribed for Type 2 Diabetes management
- Prior diagnosis of autoimmune disease, cancer, or a cognitive or perceptual disability that would inhibit following directions of study staff
- Allergies or intolerance to milk, soy, or palm oil