Overview
Evaluation of proof of mechanism with relation to ktrans and/or CD8 count when 3 different IMPs are given as monotherapy or as combination therapy. These would be administered in the "window of opportunity", prior to nephrectomy in surgically resectable renal cell cancer
Description
A Phase 2, multi-arm, multicentre, non-randomised, proof-of-mechanism (single and combination IMPs) trial using a Bayesian adaptive design.
A multi-centre trial. 2 centres initially planned - this may be reduced or increased in order to recruit the required number of participants.
Up to sixty (60) patients with surgically resectable renal cell cancer (Stage M0/M1). Up to twelve (12) participants will be registered for each of the single treatment arms and up to twenty (20) participants for the combination treatment arm(s) as per the Bayesian adaptive design.
The trial duration consists of a 28 day screening period, a minimum of 2 weeks oral IMP (Olaparib and/or Cediranib) treatment or a single dose of durvalumab alone or in combination in the window-of-opportunity period prior to surgery (nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy) performed as standard of care.
Participants will continue oral IMP treatment up until surgery (stopping when indicated for surgical safety reasons). As such treatment duration will be variable and an optional 21 day telephone assessment will take place for patients who remain on IMP. Patients will then be reviewed in the surgical follow-up clinic at 6 weeks and 3 months post-surgery as standard of care.
For patients on monotherapy or combination Olaparib and Cediranib IMP, response will be measured using DCE-MRI (Ktrans), defining reduced tumour capillary permeability.
For patients on monotherapy Durvalumab, or combination Olaparib and Durvalumab, response will be measured using CD8 positive T cells.
Additional safety outcomes will be assessed, along with the tumour response and various biological measures that would indicate drug mechanistic response.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria:
Capable of giving signed informed consent which includes compliance with the requirements
and restrictions listed in the informed consent form (ICF) and in this protocol.
Aged ≥18 years and over. Predicted life expectancy ≥ 3 months. Eastern Cooperative Oncology
Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0 or 1. Have biopsy proven clear cell RCC. Have a
surgically resectable tumour as determined by the treating Urologist Have any T or N
status, M0. Have any T or N status, M1 (but if M1, the subject must be deemed suitable for
cytoreductive nephrectomy at time of enrolment).
No prior exposure to PARP inhibitors (including but not limited to olaparib), tyrosine
kinase inhibitors (including but not limited to cediranib, sunitinib, pazopanib, axitinib
or cabozantinib), immunotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors (including but not limited
to other anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, or anti-PD-L1 antibodies), nor prior treatment with an
mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor (including, but not limited to everolimus,
temsirolimus, or sirolimus). Prior cytokine therapy (eg, IL-2, IFN-α) or treatment with
cytotoxics is allowed.
At least 1 measurable lesion according to RECIST Version 1.1 at screening that can be
accurately assessed at baseline by CT or MRI and is suitable for repeated assessment. A
previously irradiated lesion cannot be considered a target lesion. Radiographic disease
assessment can be performed up to 28 days prior to the first dose of trial treatment. It is
acceptable for the measurable lesion to be planned for removal at surgery.
Have adequate organ and marrow function, as defined below (measured within 28 days of first
dose of trial medication):
Haemoglobin ≥ 100 g/L Platelet count ≥ 135 x 109/L Neutrophil count ≥ 1.8 x 109/L
Peripheral blood smear with no features of myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid
leukemia.
Serum creatinine ≤1.5x the institutional ULN concurrent with creatinine clearance ≥51mL/min
(calculated by Cockcroft and Gault equation)
Adequate hepatic function:
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) ≤2.5x the institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) unless
liver metastases are present, in which case it must be ≤5x the institutional ULN, AND Total
bilirubin ≤1.5x the institutional ULN unless in the presence of Gilbert's syndrome
(persistent or recurrent hyperbilirubinaemia that is predominantly unconjugated in the
absence of haemolysis or hepatic pathology), AND
Evidence of post-menopausal status or negative urinary or serum pregnancy test for female
pre-menopausal patients. Women will be considered post-menopausal if they have been
amenorrheic for 12 months without an alternative medical cause. The following age-specific
requirements apply:
Women <50 years of age would be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic
for 12 months or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments and if they have
luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the post-menopausal range
for the institution or underwent surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy or
hysterectomy) Women ≥50 years of age would be considered post-menopausal if they have been
amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of all exogenous hormonal treatments,
had radiation-induced menopause with last menses >1 year ago, had chemotherapy-induced
menopause with last menses >1 year ago, or underwent surgical sterilization (bilateral
oophorectomy, bilateral salpingectomy or hysterectomy).
For women of childbearing potential a negative urine or serum pregnancy test must be
performed within 28 days of study treatment and confirmed prior to treatment on day 1.
Patient is willing and able to comply with the protocol for the duration of the trial.
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients with brain metastases. A scan to confirm the absence of brain metastases is not
required.
Patients with spinal cord compression unless considered to have received definitive
treatment for this and evidence of clinically stable disease for 28 days.
History of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Body weight <30kg Contraindication to cediranib,
olaparib, durvalumab or chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins.
Specifically patients with hereditary galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency or
glucose-galactose malabsorption should not enter the study.
History of hypersensitivity to active or inactive excipients of cediranib, olaparib or
durvalumab.
Other invasive malignancy within the last 2 years. Patients with previous history of
malignancies with a negligible risk of metastasis or death and treated with expected
curative intent are eligible at discretion of clinical team, for example:
Carcinoma in situ of the cervix. Basal or squamous cell skin cancer. Localized low to
intermediate risk prostate cancer treated with curative intent and absence of
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse; or prostate cancer (Stage T1/T2a, Gleason ≤ 6 and
PSA < 10 ng/mL) undergoing active surveillance and treatment naïve.
Major surgery within 4 weeks prior to first dose of study drug (excluding placement of
vascular access).
Patients must have recovered from side effects of any major surgery. Minor surgery (not
including the diagnostic biopsy) within 2 weeks prior to first dose of trial treatment.
Any concurrent chemotherapy, IP, biologic, or hormonal therapy for cancer treatment.
Concurrent use of hormonal therapy for non-cancer-related conditions (e.g., hormone
replacement therapy) is acceptable.
Concurrent enrollment in another clinical trial unless it is an observational
(non-interventional) or translational clinical study, or during the follow-up period of an
interventional clinical study.
Receipt of the last dose of anticancer therapy or radiotherapy chemotherapy, immunotherapy,
endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, biologic therapy, tumour embolisation, monoclonal
antibodies) ≤28 days prior to the first dose of study drug (If sufficient wash-out time has
not occurred due to the schedule or PK properties of an agent, a longer wash-out period
will be required, as agreed by AstraZeneca/MedImmune and the investigators).
Gastrointestinal abnormalities including:
refractory nausea and vomiting, inability to take oral medication; requirement for
intravenous alimentation; prior surgical procedures affecting absorption including total
gastric resection; treatment for active peptic ulcer disease in the past 6 months; active
gastrointestinal bleeding, unrelated to cancer, as evidenced by hematemesis, hematochezia
or melena in the past 120 days without evidence of resolution documented by endoscopy or
colonoscopy; malabsorption syndromes. Current use or anticipated need for treatment with
drugs that are known potent CYP3A4 inhibitors, or inducers or substrates for CYP1A2 (see
Section 10.8, concomitant therapy).
Concomitant medications known to prolong the QT interval (see Appendices 4, 5 and 6,
concomitant therapy) or with factors that increase the risk of QTc prolongation or risk of
arrhythmic events (such as heart failure, hypokalaemia, congenital long QT syndrome, family
history of long QT syndrome or unexplained sudden death under 40 years-of-age), history of
Torsades de pointes.
Poorly controlled hypertension (persistently elevated > 150/100mmHg, either systolic or
diastolic or both, despite anti-hypertensive medication) ECG with mean resting QTc of
≥470ms (Fridericia; as per local reading) on two or more time points within a 24 hour
period or family history of long QT syndrome.
Requirement of anticoagulant therapy with oral vitamin K antagonists. Therapeutic use of
low molecular weight heparin is allowed.
Any of the following within 12 months prior to study entry:
myocardial infarction, uncontrolled angina, coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft,
symptomatic congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic
attack, Peripheral arterial embolus.
Active or prior documented autoimmune or inflammatory disorders (except vitiligo), for
example:
Intestinal: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Colitis (including ulcerative colitis), Crohn's
Disease), Diverticulitis (with the exception of Diverticulosis), Coeliac Disease (except
patients with coeliac disease controlled by diet alone), irritable Bowel Disease Vascular:
any type of vasculitic disorder, e.g. Wegener syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Endocrine: any endocrine alteration related to an autoimmune process e.g. Hashimoto
syndrome, Grave's disease. NOTE: patients with hypothyroidism (eg, following Hashimoto
syndrome) stable on hormone replacement treatment may be included.
Respiratory: Active Pneumonitis (of any origin: inflammatory or infectious), Sarcoidosis
syndrome.
Dermatological: Psoriasis, Lupus/SLE (unless the skin condition has never required systemic
therapy).
Other: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Hypophysitis, Uveitis. History of organ transplant that
requires use of immunosuppressive medications or any medical condition in which
immunosuppressive agents were administered, including but, not limited to: Systemic
corticosteroids, methotrexate, azathioprine.
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) blockers Patients with autoimmune conditions without
active disease in the past 5 years may be included but only after discussion with the Study
Physician.
Current or prior use of immunosuppressive agents within 28 days of first day of study drug,
with the exceptions of intranasal or inhaled corticosteroids, or systemic corticosteroids
at physiological doses which are not to exceed 10mg/day prednisolone (or an equivalent
corticosteroid). The following exceptions are allowed:
Intranasal, inhaled, topical or local steroid injections (e.g. intra articular injection).
Systemic corticosteroids at physiological doses not to exceed 10mg/day prednisolone (or
equivalent).
Steroids for premedication of hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. as CT premedication) .
Immunocompromised patients (e.g., patients who are known to be serologically positive for
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or have a history of active primary immunodeficiency).
Previous allogeneic bone marrow transplant or double umbilical cord blood transplantation.
Receipt of live, attenuated vaccine within the last 30 days. Note: enrolled patients should
not receive live vaccine while receiving investigational agent nor within 30 days of last
dose of investigational agent.
Active infection including tuberculosis (clinical history, physical examination and
radiographic findings, and TB testing in line with local practice), hepatitis B (known
positive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) result), hepatitis C, or human immunodeficiency virus
(positive HIV1/2 antibodies).
Subjects with a past or resolved HBV infection (defined as: presence of hepatitis B core
antibody -anti-HBc- and absence of hepatitis B surface antigen -HbsAg-) are eligible.
As judged by the Investigator, any patient considered a poor medical risk due to a serious
uncontrolled medical or psychiatric disorder, non-malignant systemic disease or on-going or
active infection.
Persistent toxicities (≥Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (CTCAE) grade 2)
caused by previous cancer therapy, excluding alopecia and vitiligo.
Patients with Grade ≥2 neuropathy will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis after
consultation with the Study Physician.
For Durvalumab-containing arms only: Patient with irreversible toxicity not reasonably
expected to be exacerbated by treatment with durvalumab may be included only after
consultation with the investigator.
Women who are pregnant, or are lactating or breastfeeding. Women of childbearing potential
and male participants who are unwilling to use adequate contraception from screening and
for 180 days after the last dose of study drug.
Patients with contraindication to MRI including; contraindicated metallic implants,
contraindicated coronary stents and pacemakers. Inability to lie flat or still in an MRI
scanner for whatever reason (e.g. claustrophobia) Judgement by the Investigator that the
patient should not participate in the trial.