Cetuximab as Salvage Therapy in Patients With Neo Wild-type RAS/RAF Metastatic Colorectal Cancer With Liver Metastases.

Overview

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of cetuximab or cetuximab-irinotecan in patients with neo wild-type colorectal cancer who have been previously treated for metastatic disease.

Patients will be included in cohort #1 or cohort #2. The inclusion in cohort #2 will start when the results of the cohort #1 are available.

Patient will receive either cetuximab alone (cohort #1) or cetuximab with irinotecan (cohort #2).

Description

Background - Rationale

KRAS and NRAS mutations are present in roughly 50% of patients with advanced colorectal cancer and predict failure of anti-EGFR mabs therapies, thus genotyping colorectal cancer (CRC) is mandatory for personalized treatments.

Research has been selectively concentrated on the emergence of resistant clones in the blood of patients with wild-type (WT) RAS CRC as biomarker of anti-EGFR therapy resistance.

It has been suggested that patients with metastatic CRC harboring mutated primary tumors, thus not candidate to EGFR inhibitors, frequently have WT RAS circulating tumor cells in blood. Preliminary data suggest that patients with mutant KRAS colon cancer can frequently (50%) switch to a prevalent WT KRAS disease in course of treatment with anti-angiogenic drugs.

In patients with RAS wild-type colorectal cancer who previously received standard therapies, anti-EGFR mabs achieve a response rate of 20% as monotherapy and 30-40% in combination with irinotecan.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of cetuximab in patients with pretreated neo wild-type colorectal cancer using liquid biopsies for RAS molecular assessment

Study Objectives

Primary

• To evaluate the response rate using RECIST 1.1

Secondary

• To evaluate progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS)
• To evaluate disease control rate (DCR)
• To evaluate safety

Exploratory

• Frequency of neo wild-type tumors
• Frequency of RAS and BRAF neomutations during treatment

Study Design Prospective multicentric single-arm open-label phase II study in to 2 successive patient cohorts (cohort #1 followed by cohort #2).

Molecular screening using Idylla™ (Biocartis) ctKRAS and ctNRAS/BRAF Mutation Assays.

Cohort #1: Patients will be treated with cetuximab monotherapy (cetuximab 500mg/m² IV, day 1).

Cohort #2: Patients will be treated with cetuximab and irinotecan (cetuximab 500mg/m² IV, day 1; irinotecan 180mg/m² IV, day 1).

In both cohorts, treatment will be given intravenously every 14 days (q2w) until disease progression or limiting toxicity. Tumor evaluations will be done with CT-scan (or MRI) every 8 weeks using RECIST v1.1.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Provision of signed and dated informed consent and stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study,
2. Male or female subjects, ≥18 years of age,
3. ECOG performance status (ECOG PS, Appendix 15.1) ≤2,
4. Unresectable metastatic RAS mutant (either KRAS or NRAS tumor gene mutation) colorectal cancer,
5. At least one (≥1) measurable and/or evaluable liver metastasis,
6. Prior therapy (resistant or intolerant) with fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, irinotecan and antiangiogenic agent (ie, bevacizumab and/or aflibercept),
7. Adequate hematologic and end-organ function, defined by the following laboratory test results, obtained within 14 days prior to initiation of study treatment:

   Hematological status: neutrophils (ANC) ≥1.5x109/L; platelets ≥100x109/L; haemoglobin ≥9g/dL Adequate renal function: serum creatinine clearance (MDRD) ≥ 50 mL/min/1,73 m2 Adequate liver function: serum bilirubin ≤1.5x upper normal limit (ULN), alkaline phosphatase <5xULN, AST and ALT ≤5xULN, Adequate serum electrolyte levels (magnesium, potassium, calcium) prior to initiation of study treatment,

8. Negative pregnancy test within 7 days prior to initiation of the study drug for female patients of childbearing potential,
9. Effective contraception for both male and female subjects if the risk of conception exists
10. Registration in a national health care system.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known allergy or hypersensitivity reactions to any study drug,
2. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding,
3. Inability to comply with study and follow-up procedures as judged by the Investigator,
4. Patient with BRAF mutant colorectal cancer
5. History of interstitial lung disease
6. Treatment with strong CYP3A4-enzyme inducers such as anticonvulsants (phenytoin, phenobarbital or carbamazepine), rifampin, rifabutin and St. John's wort for patients of cohort #2
7. Treatment with strong CYP3A4-enzyme inhibitors (e.g. grapefruit juice, clarithromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, lopinavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, voriconazole) for patients of cohort #2
8. Treatment with strong UGT1A inhibitors (e.g. atazanavir, gemfibrozil, indinavir) for patients of cohort # 2
9. Patients of cohort #2 with known UGT1A deficiency
10. Uncontrolled illness, including but not limited to ongoing bacterial, viral or fungal infection requiring systemic therapy, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination/ clinical laboratory finding that leads to a reasonable suspicion of a disease/condition that contraindicates the use of any of investigational drugs that may affect the interpretation of the results, or that may render the subject at high risk of treatment complications.
11. Patient with current intestinal obstruction or history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease
12. Subjects under guardianship, curatorship or judicial protection